Pharmacological action Timolol Eye Drops
Anti glaucoma means. Refers to a group of beta-blockers. Prevents the stimulating effect of catecholamines on the beta-adrenergic receptors. When applied topically as eye drops lowers intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor formation. Effect appears within 20 min after instillation, the maximum effect – after 1-2 h duration of 24 h.
Pharmacokinetics Timolol Eye Drops
When applied topically timolol maleate rapidly penetrates through the cornea in the eye tissues. In a small number enters the systemic circulation.
After timolol maleate Oral completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Subjected to the effect of “first pass” through the liver. Cmax in plasma observed after 1-2 h. Plasma protein binding is low. Extensively metabolized in the liver.
T1 / 2 at 4 hours excreted in the urine as unchanged substance and the active metabolites.
Statement Timolol Eye Drops
Chronic open-angle glaucoma, secondary glaucoma (uveal, afakicheskaya, posttraumatic), a sharp rise in IOP. When angle-closure glaucoma is recommended in combination with miotikami.
Dosage and administration Timolol Eye Drops
Single dose – a drop of 0.25% (or 0.1%) solution into the affected eye, the frequency of use – 1-2 times / day. In case of insufficient effectiveness of 0.5% solution.
Side effect Timolol Eye Drops
Local reactions: possible irritation of the conjunctiva, conjunctival hyperemia, tearing, photophobia, edema of the corneal epithelium, burning and itchy eyes, redness of the eyelid skin, diplopia.
Systemic reactions: possible bradycardia, bradyarrhythmia, lower blood pressure, dizziness, nausea, headache, muscle weakness, insomnia, depression, sexual dysfunction, transient ischemic attack, bronchospasm, collapse, AV-block, cardiac arrest.
Contraindications Timolol Eye Drops
Degenerative diseases of the cornea, rhinitis, bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis with bronchoobstructive syndrome, sinus bradycardia (50 beats / min or less), AV-block II and III level, acute and chronic heart failure, cardiogenic shock, hypersensitivity to timolol maleate.
Pregnancy and breast feeding Timolol Eye Drops
Timolol maleate crosses the placental barrier. Pregnancy is possible in cases where the intended benefits to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.
Timolol maleate is excreted in breast milk. If necessary, use during lactation should stop breastfeeding.
Cautions Timolol Eye Drops
We do not recommend the use of diabetes (especially labile flow).
Monitoring the effectiveness of recommended approximately 3-4 weeks after initiation of therapy.
During the treatment at least 1 time in 6 months should control the function of watery, the integrity of the cornea, the field of view.
Used with caution in conjunction with calcium channel blockers, digitalis preparations, with reserpine.
We do not recommend use in neonates (especially premature) children.
Drug Interactions Timolol Eye Drops
With the simultaneous use of timolol maleate enhances the action of beta-blockers for systemic use.
While the use of reserpine may develop bradycardia or hypotension (this combination requires careful medical supervision).
With the simultaneous use of timolol maleate with calcium channel blockers or cardiac glycosides possible violations of AV-conduction, acute left ventricular failure, hypotension.
